From the Blog

Note: every time I talk about sales figures for Too Close to Miss, I open the post with a very self-conscious apology for talking about sales figures. I still feel self-conscious about it! Focusing too much on sales numbers turns writing from a noble attempt to bridge the unfathomable gap between Self and Other into a P&L exercise. It feels mercenary and cheap, and while I am a mercenary I hate feeling tawdry. But, at the same time:

  1. I believe it’s important to challenge the notion that self-publishing is not a viable means of releasing a book, and hard numbers are the only way to do that (“the plural of anecdote is data!”);

  2. It’s so hard to get sales data for any books – self-published or traditionally published – that any data is useful data.

Of course, all self-reported sales data suffers from survivorship bias. All you read about are winners. No one whose book languishes in obscurity will ever blog about it; if they do, no one else will ever read it. Until more comprehensive data becomes available, though, self-reporting is the best we can do.

Enough throat clearing! The numbers:

From December 2011 through November 2012 – twelve calendar months of sales – Too Close to Miss sold 2728 copies. That’s across Amazon Kindle, Barnes & Noble Nook, various Smashwords platforms (primarily iTunes’ iBookstore), and hard copies on Amazon via Createspace. Total royalties, in my pocket, were $3984.

What does this mean?


  • I had to give away 100,000 copies free to sell those 2700. It’s impossible to say how many fewer copies I’d have sold without that bump in rankings, but, going off the trends of the months leading up to May and June (when I saw the biggest spike in Amazon), I’ll say at least 800 fewer units. I don’t know if this is a sustainable pattern of promotion; I suspect not.

  • Four grand ain’t enough to live on, at least not anywhere nicer than Cape Verde.

  • This is 2700 copies sold on primarily word of mouth. I bought no ads, did no interviews, and held no book release parties. I had several very nice reviews, but nothing in huge, traditional venues. I find this pretty reassuring.

  • If I had sold Too Close to Miss to a traditional publisher in November 2011 – meaning, if I’d lucked out and found a buyer the same month I put it on the market, which is akin to a winning Powerball ticket – I’d have most likely netted a $5,000 advance. There’s no database of average advances for first-time, non-celebrity authors, but anecdotes I’ve heard (blog posts, conference speakers) say that $5000, if not less, is a good benchmark. And I wouldn’t have even received it all at once. And Too Close to Miss wouldn’t even be in print right now (lead time between signing a contract and seeing the actual book in stores ranges from 12-18 months, if not more).

  • More to the point, Too Close to Miss would have been a terrible investment for a publishing house of any real size. 2700 copies in a year? Which publishers do print runs of fewer than five thousand?
What do I take from this?

Self-publishing Too Close to Miss was the right call. If a traditional publisher had bought Too Close to Miss, I would likely have made less money, made fewer sales, and wouldn’t even have the book in print yet. This way, it’s trucking along at its slow and steady pace, getting my name out there and generating interest in the Mara Cunningham series.

Too Close to Miss, the first Mara Cunningham novel, is still available just about anywhere you can buy books online – Amazon, Barnes & Noble, iTunes, and other stores. The second Mara Cunningham novel, Too Hard to Handle, is also available in select stores.

I fight the temptation to turn this into one of those writer blogs that’s about nothing but the numbers. But this is an interesting enough development that it bears recording.

So: on April 30th, I made Too Close to Miss available on Amazon for free. It had been moving fewer than a dozen copies per month over the last couple months (B&N, still killing it), so I wouldn’t be losing much money by giving up sales. The shift from $2.99 to $0.00 wouldn’t take effect for a few days*, since I was taking advantage of Amazon’s price-match guarantee rather than their KDP Select program. So I lowered the price, checked in a few days later to see if it had taken effect (it hadn’t), and promptly forgot about it.

On May 7th, I saw that Too Close to Miss was finally at $0.00 on Amazon – the price-matching algorithms had caught up. I also saw that, through no work on my part, it had moved ten thousand free copies.

Fast forward a week. As of last night, Too Close to Miss has moved 60,000 free copies. It’s the #1 free ebook in the “Women Sleuths” category and, as of Sunday, was the #2 free ebook on Amazon overall.

When you get 60,000 of anything, you need to address it somehow. So let’s talk about the meaning of “free.”

I’ve been blogging for over ten years and I’ve never written something that 60,000 people have read. Even the occasional Overthinking It article of mine that found its way to the IMDb front page (and was fraught with errors) couldn’t match those numbers. And that’s free content too! So it takes more than just a $0.00 price tag – it takes a presence in front of an interested audience.

If I showed up in Times Square with 60,000 paperbacks, I couldn’t give them away in a week. And even if I did, almost all of them would end up in the garbage. The 60K copies of TCTM that have been downloaded in the last week all went to people who wanted something to read. A significant portion of them may have deleted it after the first page. But I guarantee I had a better success rate at connecting to readers with Amazon than I would have via any other means.

This is with practically no publicity effort on my part. I let my friends and the Overthinking It twitter feed know. But I do not have 60,000 friends, and OTI does not have 60,000 regular readers.

Then how did 60,000 people know this book was free all of a sudden? Amazon has created an audience expectation that plenty of Kindle books will be available for free at any one time. Sites and subcultures, like Kindle Nation Daily and Pixel of Ink, have sprung up around this notion: automatically and frequently updating subscribers on which ebooks are available for free that day. So there are people who will scoop every free ebook onto their Kindle like the lightning round of Supermarket Sweep. Given that, I’m not opening any champagne bottles yet.

And yet, presuming 1% of those 60,000 read the book and like it enough that they want to read more, that’s 600 new fans. All at a cost of the $20 to $30 that I lost in Amazon sales for May.

Final note: I would have been happy to end the experiment at 25K free copies. But, since this is a roundabout process (change the price at Smashwords, wait for it to get pushed to retailers, wait for the retailers to notice, wait for Amazon to notice the other retailers), it’s not fully under my control. Thankfully I’m not relying on this for significant income. And it’s not costing me or anyone else anything, so I’m left with this odd, inexplicable embarrassment as free copies keep pouring out the door.

Of course, the real test will be how many copies it moves once I start charging money for it again – or how many copies the next book in the series sells. Which should be any day now …

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* Briefly: Amazon will not be undersold on an ebook if they can help it. If Amazon finds the same ebook at a lower price via another retailer, they will lower their price to match – all the way to zero if need be.

Talking a little about reviews today.

Too Close to Miss has 12 reviews on Amazon, out of 257 ebooks sold (it’s also available in paperback, but it’s sold maybe 10 copies there, and Amazon aggregates the reviews anyway). It has 9 reviews on Barnes & Noble, out of 929 ebooks sold – 7 of which are anonymous. The Goodreads page indicates TCTM has been added to 55 shelves (“read”, “to-read”, etc.), out of which 27 people have rated it and 10 people have written reviews.

Some observations:


  • Goodreads has the highest reviewed/acquired ratio, which is especially impressive given that Goodreads isn’t a marketplace in itself. In fact, several people reviewed TCTM on Goodreads and Amazon. Is “hero” too strong a word for these people? Yes. But “champion” isn’t.

  • Amazon has a higher reviewed/purchased ratio than B&N, despite B&N allowing anonymous reviews. So having to sign your name to something isn’t a barrier to participation. In fact, that may be part of the appeal.

  • Not counting the Anons on B&N, Goodreads has the highest percentage of reviews by people I don’t know. This may speak more to the purpose of the site. Goodreads exists only to share information about what you’ve read with friends, whereas Amazon also serves that purpose, in addition to funneling goods to you at scandalously low prices. So a Goodreads user is, all things being equal, more likely to review a book that they added to Goodreads than an Amazon user is to review a book they acquired through Amazon. That’s the type of user the site attracts.


A little more on that last bullet: I suspect people review books on Goodreads to share information with friends (real or Internet), while people review on Amazon to share information with strangers (potential future buyers). The former encourages people to write more reviews. Or maybe reviewing is just a rare behavior – how many products do you review, out of everything you buy? 10% of them? 1%? – and Goodreads aggregates a lot of reviewers into a convenient clump.

A user who reviews my book is of value to me, almost regardless of how well they review it. A review tells future buyers what to expect. One of the biggest obstacles to purchasing a book is uncertainty: is this going to entertain or enlighten me? Yeah, the marketing copy looks good, but does it live up to the hype? Even a 2-star review that goes into detail (too much sex and violence) could lure a reader off the fence.

My conclusion: Goodreads is a worthwhile place to focus on to build buzz; Amazon is important to attract buyers; and Barnes & Noble can just keep selling in massive quantities for whatever reason they choose.

If you read Too Close to Miss and thought something about it, whether good or bad, please let your friends know via a review on Amazon, Barnes & Noble, or Goodreads.

If you want to see why readers call Too Close to Miss a “compelling, incisively smart, and witty thriller”, then pick up your own copy!

You don’t release a book when it’s perfect. You release a book when it’s as good as you can make it OR the deadline arrives, whichever comes first. Since I published Too Close to Miss myself, I went with the former.

Don’t get me wrong: “good enough” is plenty good, if the reviews are any indication. But I struggled in turning my protagonist, Mara Cunningham, into a real character. I chose a female protagonist, and women remain a mystery to me, so that didn’t help matters. But I knew I could add more depth to her. I just wasn’t sure how. She was complex! She had clear motivations and she acted on them! She had doubts but she didn’t let them defeat her! What was I missing?

It wasn’t until I started in on the next book in the series that I realized what else Mara needed. In Too Close to Miss, Mara’s investigating a deep mystery: who killed the wife and son of the married man whom she was sleeping with? She’s a complicated but determined troublemaker, dealing with her own complicated and troublesome past. With, um, determination.

In other words, Mara doesn’t want anything that the plot doesn’t also want.

As far as tight storytelling goes, this isn’t a bad thing. There’s no extraneous business and it keeps the reader flipping pages. But as far as realistic characterization goes, there’s something missing. I honed Mara down into a whip smart crimefighting attack dog and set her loose. It makes for a compelling read. But what would you and Mara talk about at the corner pub?

What does the reader want? To uncover the mystery (“what’s going to happen next?”). What does Mara Cunningham want? To uncover the mystery. These two goals shouldn’t be in conflict, but I’m not surprised some readers wanted to know more about Mara than I revealed.

Fortunately, it’s possible to create a compelling thriller with plenty of characterization. And, fortunately, the next book in the series (of which I’m editing the second draft as you read this) has loads. Fans of the first book will be delighted to learn that Mara has a romantic relationship! She has trouble at work! She has friends who support her, and whom she supports in turn! Normal human stuff.

Of course, she also plunges headlong into a mystery that pits her against ruthless killers, corruption at the highest levels, and her own complicated past. You’d be disappointed if she didn’t.

What I’ve learned about writing: no one wants to read about a shark. Characters need more than just a relentless drive to keep the plot moving. They need the human concerns that all of us recognize. Find a way to evoke these concerns through action, especially action that complements the main narrative, and you have a great story.

If you want to explore Mara Cunningham’s world from the beginning, check out Too Close to Miss, which readers call “fast paced, taut, and gripping,” available on Amazon, Barnes & Noble, and iTunes.

If you thought Mara’s characterization was perfectly all right, then let your friends know via Twitter, Facebook, Goodreads, or old-fashioned word of mouth.

Mar
21

Two important book announcements!

First, my friend Gina Damico’s macabre YA fantasy novel Croak is now available at Amazon or other fine retailers. If you don’t want your kids reading about emo vampires, give them this fun little page-turner. I’ve tried about three times to write a good description for it, and I can’t come up with one as good as the back cover copy, so:

Fed up with her wild behavior, sixteen-year-old Lex’s parents ship her off to upstate New York to live with her Uncle Mort for the summer, hoping that a few months of dirty farm work will whip her back into shape. But Uncle Mort’s true occupation is
much dirtier than shoveling manure.

He’s a Grim Reaper. And he’s going to teach Lex the family business.

It’s dark, it’s goofy and nobody falls in love with a hundred-year-old. Why haven’t you bought it already?

In more personal news: for those of you who haven’t caught up with my 80-year-old great aunts yet and bought a Kindle, you can now get Too Close to Miss on paperback through Amazon. Same great content as the well-received ebook, but now on stylish plant matter. Enjoy!

If you own an e-reader and want to pick up Too Close to Miss now, you can download it off of Amazon, Barnes & Noble or iTunes and start reading it within seconds.

If you already enjoyed Too Close to Miss in electronic form, recommend the paperback version to a friend via Facebook, Twitter or old-fashioned word of mouth.

Speaking of sales numbers, here’s an update on what I’ve moved for Too Close to Miss in January.

Amazon: 37*
B&N: 148
iTunes: Unknown at this point

I expected sales to drop when I raised the price. My hypothesis (or rather my hope) was that raising the price 4X would result in less than a 4X drop in sales. In the case of B&N, I saw almost exactly a 4X drop; with Amazon, I saw more than that. So demand for ebooks by debut authors is predictably elastic! Useful data.

As to why sales dropped so much, I have a few theories:

(1) A natural drop-off from the initial surge. The day I posted the announcement, I saw an immense number of purchases. More than twenty friends of mine shared the post on Facebook. That sort of momentum couldn’t be sustained forever.

(2) I’ve also eased up on the self-promotion this month, not out of any consideration for your feelings but due to being busy. I also want to make sure I’m finding effective means of promotion, which has taken some research and planning.

(3) Pricing myself out of the market. Okay, that’s a slight exaggeration: $3.99 is not too much to pay for an ebook (and at such quality!). But the data I referenced on Tuesday suggests that the plurality of ebooks on Amazon are priced between $2 and $0. That’s where all the action is. B&N books average higher, so I’m not costing myself as many sales there.

The plan for now is to keep the price at $3.99. I didn’t hit the 1000 copies total this month (I rather ambitiously called that shot two weeks ago; oops), but at this rate I’ll easy make that in February. The plan for now is to use social media to promote word of mouth and to focus on the next Mara Cunningham novel, which is roaring around the curve as you read this.

If you haven’t checked out Too Close to Miss, my neo-noir Boston crime thriller, you can find it on Amazon, Barnes & Noble or iTunes for only $3.99.

If you’ve already read it, please let people know what you thought – either with a review on your site of choice or by sharing the good tidings on Twitter or Facebook.

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* Technically 38, less one refund. And Kindle credits the refund at $0.99, meaning this was before I jacked the price. So somebody bought my book, read enough of it to decide it wasn’t for them, and said, “I want my ninety-nine cents back.” I have flown too close to the sun.

On Monday, I reported on my sales numbers for Too Close to Miss‘s first month: 755 copies in total. Of those 755, 583 came from Barnes & Noble.

It’s tough to find exact figures on how much bigger Amazon is than Barnes & Noble, especially in the burgeoning ebook space. The best estimates I’ve found peg Amazon’s market share at over sixty percent. That remaining forty percent is being fought over by Barnes & Noble, Sony, iTunes and other platforms as well, so it’s not as if there are close second placers. And yet in spite of that, I’ve sold three times the number of copies on B&N that I have on Amazon.

The best I can do is guess. But my guesses are as good as anyone else’s in this crazy business, so here goes:

  1. The recent launching of Kindle Direct Publishing Select resulted in a flurry of volume among the top authors on Amazon. I would wager that a big chunk of Kindle title sales in December were actually loans of KDP Select titles, which count as sales for the purposes of ranking. So anyone who wasn’t in KDP might have lost some sales as a result.

  2. B&N’s self-publishing platform, PubIt!, lets you classify a book in five categories, compared to KDP’s two. It’s possible that Too Close to Miss is ranking better in Women Sleuths than it is in Thrillers, or doing better in Mysteries > Hard-Boiled than in Suspense. I can’t tell (hey, PubIt! – good data for the next platform release!). But it makes sense that being visible in more places would result in better sales.

  3. Related to the above, it’s possible my title reached some tipping point by being associated with some best-seller. Thriller readers and $0.99 readers tend to read compulsively, downloading and buzzing through titles at high speed. If a few people bought Too Close to Miss as well as some hot title, then my book might have started showing up on more “Readers Who Bought This Also Bought …” lists.

  4. Sales were trucking along on B&N until the 20th, when they spiked to 89 in one day. Some popular blogger recommending it? Some private email list? It seems odd that the boost on that day would all accrue to B&N and nothing to Amazon. Then again, B&N’s PubIt! gives me sales by day if I want them; Amazon’s KDP does not (or if they do, I haven’t found out how). So I might be missing something. In any case, since that spike, B&N sales have been averaging between 20 and 30 a day.


Ultimately, my surge in B&N volume may not have one root cause. But it’s a good thing I didn’t enroll in KDP Select when it was offered, as I would have had to take my title off of B&N. That would have cost me a few hundred dollars, and I can’t pretend I would have made that up in KDP Select lending.

Obviously, the same results might not be true for everybody. If your book is dragging its binding in the dust on B&N, you stand a chance to make more money in KDP Select. But make sure you look at the numbers before deciding. I did, and I got a very pleasant surprise.

It’s been a hell of a first month, hasn’t it?1

I don’t want this to turn into an indie writing blog focused solely on the numbers. I see a lot of those. While big sales are good, there are more important considerations, like growing the craft, developing a network of supportive readers and fellow authors, establishing benchmarks for quality, and so forth.

But: I’m new to the indie publishing process. I’m learning. And I invited all of you to learn with me. This means ripping open the numbers and letting strangers peck at them.

In the first month, I have 755 sales attributed to Too Close to Miss. This is across Amazon, Barnes & Noble and the various Smashwords platforms. It doesn’t include iTunes sales figures, which I only get to see quarterly, so for all I know I’ve sold more. But 755 is what I know I’ve done.

Some observations:

  • To the best of my knowledge, 755 units is a phenomenal month for an independent, debut, no-name author. I’m very proud of it. I’d be more proud if it felt real; this is still some sort of crazy dream.

  • Of those, 148 came in the first full week (Dec 2nd through 10th), 126 in the second week (Dec 11th through 17th), 333 in the third week (Dec 18th through 24th) (more on that odd surge tomorrow) and 169 in the final week (Dec 25th through 31st). So it seems like 100 / week is a good minimum to hope for.

  • This was at a price of $0.99 across all platforms. Yesterday, as threatened, I raised the price to $3.992. My seat-of-the-pants guess is that multiplying the price by 4X will reduce sales volume by 4X. Of course, the royalty structure on Amazon and B&N means I’ll still be making more money, even if this is the case. And maybe demand is more inelastic than I suspect: maybe I’ll only lose half my sales. Or maybe they’ll shrink to 10 books a week. A spectrum of possibilities awaits!

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1. Life tip: the trick to making time last longer is to fill your days with new and exciting things. Since December had a book launch, a cycle of marketing and promotion, Christmas and New Year’s Eve in it, it feels like I’ve packed ten weeks into the last four. At this rate, I will live forever, or at least feel that way.

2. However, since iTunes takes longer to update its prices and since Amazon guarantees a price match on its ebooks, it’s still available (as of this writing) for $0.99 on both those platforms. Object lesson: plan your price changes carefully and stagger the execution.

Three bullets:


  • First, the number of people who downloaded Too Close to Miss as their first purchase for their Kindle or Nook is overwhelming. Thank you all. The near-total market penetration amongst my friends tells me I need to get my marketing game together, because I’m running out of friends with e-readers.

  • More on this later, but a quick observation: as of today, my sales on Barnes & Noble have tripled my sales on Amazon. This is so far outside my expectations of how the various ebook platforms would work that I’m treating it as I would a hundred-dollar bill found on the bottom of my closet. I’ll have a lengthier post examining how and why this might have happened come the new year, but for now: thank you Nook users!

  • The people who bother to read this blog every day (and thank you!) are the closest thing to a mailing list I have right now, so you get to hear it first: I’m jacking up the price of Too Close to Miss on January 1st. I don’t know to what yet, but at least to the magical $2.99 price point, if not higher. I think I’ve plumbed the network of supportive friends and curious strangers about as deep as I can, which is what the $0.99 come-on was meant to do. But to achieve my dream of being a self-supporting writer, I need to (someday) earn a decent amount of revenue per sale. I don’t expect to start earning that total next month, or even next year. But I need to see how much sales will drop – if at all – as the price goes up. I need data more than I need units moving off the virtual shelf.

    So if you’ve bought Too Close to Miss already and enjoyed it, please let your friends know that they can only get it this cheap for 4 more days. Send them to Amazon or Barnes & Noble or iTunes. You’ll position yourself as a distinguished connoisseur, that savvy critic who can point out ebook gems in the crowded turf. “I bought his first one at just under a dollar,” you’ll say, gesturing for the waiter to refill your Chateau d’Yquem, “and it’s held its value remarkably well.”

Consume it? Don't be absurd. It's an investment!

When I announced that Too Close to Miss was on sale, I also made it available as a free .pdf. Word of mouth is more important to me than revenue at this stage, so I wanted as many people as possible to read it. I also wanted to show consideration for people who didn’t have a Kindle, Nook or iPad yet. (There is a print version coming soon, I promise)

Last week, I quietly took down the free PDF from the site. The initial burst seemed to have slowed. At this point, people were more likely to discover the book through Amazon, B&N or iTunes than through my blog.

So, thank you to everyone who downloaded the .pdf, read it, and spread the word about the book.

What I learned from my little experiment:


  • First, get a good download tracker if you’re going to try a stunt like this. Google Analytics will tell you that it’s easy to track downloads of a file – just paste some Javascript into the link, set up a Conversion point in your Goal Funnel, and voila! It is not, in fact, that easy. I will never get mad at a client for delay in putting tracking pixels on their website ever again.

  • If you’re unwilling or unable to do that, then have fun deciphering access logs! I was able to get the raw access data in .csv format from my web host. I then pasted it into Excel, separated out the IP addresses, and filtered out duplicates, since a given IP address might “call” a page more than once in a short time.

  • The result? 125 people* downloaded the free .pdf of my novel between December 2nd and December 21st. Again, thank you all!

How do those numbers fare?

Honestly, I’m happy with it. I’ve sold somewhat more than 125 copies of the book each on Amazon and Barnes & Noble. Presuming a 1% conversion rate of “reader” to “fan,” I can expect somewhere between one to two fans: people who will proselytize about the book to their social network, which can in turn lead to more sales, which can in turn lead to more fans, etc. Since every fan is precious – I blush at each new Amazon review – I consider it a worthwhile investment.

I don’t count the 125 downloads as lost sales, either. While $0.99 isn’t much of an obstacle to trying me out, I recognize that “free” is even more appealing. There are people who downloaded the .pdf who would never be ebook sales, whether due to platform difficulties or different price points. Besides, at a 30-40% royalty on $0.99, the $45 I (conceivably) lost on free downloads is a worthwhile investment if it produces one fan.

Of course, this is all a grand experiment. It’s all part of my fumbling, newborn efforts to market myself as a writer. And as my CEO told me once, no marketing campaign is truly a failure. You learn something from every dollar you spend**. So I’m happy to learn, and I’m happy to share what I’m learning.

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* “People” in the Internet definition of the word. It’s possible that a given user may have accessed the file from two different IP addresses, but this is a possibility that afflicts any tracking program.

** Even if it’s “don’t color our regular cola cans the same shade as our diet cola cans, even if it’s Christmas“.